| |
Arabic in terms of
the number of speakers, is the largest living member of the
Semitic language family. Classified as Central Semitic, it has
its roots in a Proto-Semitic common ancestor. In ISO 639-3,
modern Arabic is classified as a macro language with 27
sub-languages. These varieties are spoken throughout the Arab
world, and Standard Arabic is widely studied and used throughout
the Islamic world.
Modern Standard Arabic derives from Classical Arabic, the only
surviving member of the Old North Arabian dialect group,
attested in Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions dating back to the
4th century. Classical Arabic has also been a literary language
and the liturgical language of Islam since its inception in the
7th century.
Arabic has lent many words to other languages of the Islamic
world, as Latin has contributed to most European languages. It
has also borrowed from those languages, as well as Persian and
Sanskrit from early contacts with their affiliated regions.
During the Middle Ages, Arabic was a major vehicle of culture,
especially in science, mathematics and philosophy, with the
result that many European languages have also borrowed numerous
words from it. Arabic influence is seen in Mediterranean
languages, particularly Spanish, Portuguese, Sicilian, and
Maltese, due to both the proximity of European and Arab
civilization and 700 years of caliphate government in the
Iberian peninsula.
The Arabic language interests millions of non-Arab Muslims, who
do not speak it as a native language, to learn it to different
levels, mainly because it is the language of their holy book,
the Quran, and all Islamic terms are Arabic. Arabic has been
taught in many elementary and secondary schools, especially
Muslim schools, worldwide. Many universities in the world today
have classes for studying Arabic as a foreign language, as part
of their foreign languages, Middle Eastern studies, religious
studies, area studies departments, and even stand-alone Arabic
language departments. Many Arabic language schools exist today
to assist students in gaining Arabic language skills outside
academic education. Most of the Arabic language schools are
located in the Arab world and some Muslim world countries.
Software and books with tapes are also important part of Arabic
learning, as many of Arabic learners may live in places where
there are no academic or Arabic language school classes
available. Radio series of Arabic language classes are also
provided from some radio stations. A number of websites on the
Internet provide online classes for all levels as a means of
distance education. |